NEÓN (Ne) • Elemento 10 • Magnitudes Físicas/Propiedades Químicas • Descripción • Usos/Funciones • Isótopos • Termoquímica • Reacciones • Configuración Electrónica y la Vinculación • Vídeo

NEÓN

Nuestro principal apoyo proviene de los usuarios como tú. Usted o su empresa puede patrocinar esta página.

Introducción

tabla | arriba

Número Atómico:	10	Grupo:	18 or VIII A	10	20.1797
Peso Atómico:	20.1797	Periodo:	2	Ne
		Número CAS:	7440-01-9	Ne
				NEÓN

Clasificación

tabla | arriba

Descripción

tabla | arriba

Discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898. Neon is a rare gaseous element present in the atmosphereto the extent of 1 part in 65,000 of air. It is obtained by liquefaction of air and separated from the other gases by fractional distillation. Natural neonis a mixture of three isotopes. Six other unstable isotopes are known. It is very inert element; however, it is said to form a compound with fluorine.It is still questionable if true compounds of neon exist, but evidence is mounting in favor of their existence. The following ions are known from opticaland mass spectrometric studies: Ne+, (NeAr)+, (NeH)+, and (HeNe+). Neon also forms an unstable hydrate. In a vacuum discharge tube, neon glowsreddish orange. Of all the rare gases, the discharge of neon is the most intense at ordinary voltages and currents. Neon is used in making the commonneon advertising signs, which accounts for its largest use. It is also used to make high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter tubes, andTV tubes. Neon and helium are used in making gas lasers. Liquid neon is now commercially available and is finding important application as aneconomical cryogenic refrigerant. It has over 40 times more refrigerating capacity per unit volume than liquid helium and more than three times thatof liquid hydrogen. It is compact, inert, and is less expensive than helium when it meets refrigeration requirements. Neon costs about $800/80 cu. ft.(2265 L). ¹

Usos/Funciones

tabla | arriba

"Neon signs" ²
"The French chemist Georges Claude (1870-1960) worked with neon vapor lamps; beginning in 1927, he was able to produce them in quantity. Vapor lamps containing a variety of different gases of gas mixtures could be bent into attractive shapes, or into letters that spelled out words (and usually carried an advertising message). So prominent was the red color of those vapor lamps containing neon that all of them, whether they actually contained neon or not, came to be called neon lights.
A small, dim version of the neon light is the neon glow lamp, which consists of a small bulb containing electrodes in a neon atmosphere. Electricity is forced through the neon, causing it to produce a red glow. Little electricity is required for the purpose, and the lamp is not really intended for illumination, but merely as a signal - to indicate the location of a switch or to act as evidence that some electric circuit is in working order (or, perhaps, is not in working order).
In 1957, the spark chamber was introduced for the detection of subatomic particles, and proved to be more efficient for many purposes than the older detection devices. The spark chamber consists of closely spaced metal plates, with alternate plates highly charged with electricity, so that an electric spark is at the point of being released. When a subatomic particle speeds through, sparks are released at the points where it strikes the plates. Between the plates of this device an inert gas is used, either neon or argon.
Efforts were made at once to produce continuous lasers, and the ruby was replaced by tubes of gas. The gas lasers so produced, later in 1960, were continuous. The gases used in such lasers include all of the stable noble gases, alone or in combination. The first gas laser, produced by the Iranian physicist Ali Javan (b. 1926), working at Bell Telephone Laboratories, made use of a mixture of neon and helium. This variety is still the most important." ³

Magnitudes Físicas

tabla | arriba

Punto de Fusión:⁴*	-248.59 °C = 24.56 K = -415.462 °F	Punto de Ebullición:⁴*	-246.08 °C = 27.07 K = -410.944 °F
Punto de Sublimación:⁴		Punto Triple:⁴
Punto Crítico:⁴	-228.7 °C = 44.45 K = -379.66 °F ⁴

Densidad:⁵	0.825 g/L g/cm³

* - at 1 atm

Configuración Electrónica y la Vinculación

tabla | arriba

Configuración Electrónica:	[He] 2s² 2p⁶				Estructura de Lewis
						x	x
Bloque:	p				x	Ne		x
Nivel Más Alto de Energía Ocupados:	2				x	Ne		x
Electrones de Valencia:	8					x	x
Números Cuánticos:	n = 2	ℓ = 1	m_ℓ = 1	m_s = -½

La información contenida en esta sección se pueden derivar de la tabla periódica. Diagramas de puntos de Lewis y electrones de valencia no son útiles para los metales de transición, lantánidos y actínidos. Sólo los electrones de valencia se muestran para estos elementos. Números cuánticos se dan para el final de electrones.

Afinidad Electrónica:⁶		not stable eV		Estados de Oxidación:		0

Energía de Ionización	eV ⁷		kJ/mol	Energía de Ionización	eV ⁷		kJ/mol
1	21.5646		2080.7	6	157.93		15237.9
2	40.96328		3952.4	7	207.2759		19999.1
3	63.45		6122.0	8	239.0989		23069.5
4	97.12		9370.7	9	1195.8286		115379.9
5	126.21		12177.4	10	1362.1995		131432.2

Termoquímica

tabla | arriba

Capacidad Calorífica:		1.030 J/g°C ⁸ = 20.785 J/mol°C = 0.246 cal/g°C = 4.968 cal/mol°C
Conductividad Térmica:		0.0493 (W/m)/K, 27ºC ⁹
Entalpía de Fusión:		0.3317 kJ/mol ¹⁰ = 16.4 J/g
Entalpía de Vaporización:		1.7326 kJ/mol ¹¹ = 85.9 J/g

Estado de Agregación de la Materia	Entalpía de Formación¹²		Entropía¹²		Energía Libre de Gibbs¹²
	(kcal/mol)	(kJ/mol)	(cal/K)	(J/K)	(kcal/mol)	(kJ/mol)
(g)	0	0	34.95	146.2308	0	0

Isótopos

tabla | arriba

Nucleido	Masa ¹³	Periodo de Semidesintegración ¹³	Espín ¹³	Energía de enlace nuclear
¹⁶Ne	16.025761(22)	9E-21 s [122(37) keV]	0+	94.75 MeV
¹⁷Ne	17.017672(29)	109.2(6) ms	1/2-	110.28 MeV
¹⁸Ne	18.0057082(3)	1.672(8) s	0+	129.54 MeV
¹⁹Ne	19.0018802(3)	17.296(5) s	1/2+	141.34 MeV
²⁰Ne	19.9924401754(19)	ESTABLE	0+	157.81 MeV
²¹Ne	20.99384668(4)	ESTABLE	3/2+	164.95 MeV
²²Ne	21.991385114(19)	ESTABLE	0+	174.90 MeV
²³Ne	22.99446690(11)	37.24(12) s	5/2+	180.18 MeV
²⁴Ne	23.9936108(4)	3.38(2) min	0+	189.19 MeV
²⁵Ne	24.997737(28)	602(8) ms	(3/2)+	193.54 MeV
²⁶Ne	26.000461(29)	197(1) ms	0+	198.83 MeV
²⁷Ne	27.00759(12)	32(2) ms	(3/2+)#	200.38 MeV
²⁸Ne	28.01207(16)	18.3(22) ms	0+	203.80 MeV
²⁹Ne	29.01939(29)	15.6(5) ms	(3/2+)#	205.36 MeV
³⁰Ne	30.02480(61)	5.8(2) ms	0+	208.78 MeV
³¹Ne	31.03311(97)#	3.4(8) ms	7/2-#	208.48 MeV
³²Ne	32.04002(86)#	3.5(9) ms	0+	210.03 MeV
³³Ne	33.04938(86)#	<260 ns	7/2-#	209.73 MeV
³⁴Ne	34.05703(87)#	1# ms [>1.5 µs]	0+	210.35 MeV
Los valores marcados con # no se derivan exclusivamente de datos experimentales, pero al menos en parte, de las tendencias sistemáticas. Tiradas con argumentos de asignación débiles están encerrados entre paréntesis. ¹³

Reacciones

tabla | arriba

Abundancia

tabla | arriba

Tierra:	Fuente Compuestos:	uncombined ¹⁴
Tierra:	Agua de mar:	0.00012 mg/L ¹⁵
Tierra:	Corteza:	0.005 mg/kg = 0.0000005% ¹⁵
Tierra:	Total:	0.50E-8 cm^3/g ¹⁶
Mercurio:	Total:	¹⁶
Venus:	Total:	49E-8 cm^3/g ¹⁶
Condritas:	Total:	0.0015 (relative to 10⁶ atoms of Si) ¹⁷

Compuestos

tabla | arriba

Ficha de Datos de Seguridad

tabla | arriba

ACI Alloys, Inc.

Idiomas

tabla | arriba

Afrikáans:	Neon	Albanés:	Neon	Armenio:	Նեոն	Árabe:	نيون
Arumano:	Neon	Euskera:	Neona	Bosnio:	Neon	Bretón:	Neon
Búlgaro:	Неон	Bielorruso:	Неон, Нэон	Catalán:	Neó	Chino:	氖
Córnico:	Neon	Croata:	Neon	Checo:	Neon	Danés:	Neon
Neerlandés:	Neon	Esperanto:	Neono	Estonio:	Neoon	Feroés:	Neon
Finés:	Neon	Francés:	Néon	Friulano:	Neon	Frisio:	Neon
Gallego:	Neon	Georgiano:	ნეონი	Alemán:	Neon	Griego:	Νeον
Hebreo:	ניאון	Húngaro:	Neon	Islandés:	Neon	Irlandés:	Neon
Italiano:	Neon	Japonés:	ネオン	Casubio:	Néón	Kazajo:	Неон
Coreano:	네온	Letónico:	Neons	Lituano:	Neonas	Luxemburgués:	Neon
Macedonio:	Неон	Malayo:	Neon	Maltés:	Neon	Manés:	Neion
Moksha:	Неон	Mongol:	Неон	Noruego:	Neon	Occitano:	Neon
Osetio:	Неон	Polaco:	Neon	Portugués:	Néon	Ruso:	Неон
Gaélico Escocés:	Neon	Serbio:	Неон	Eslovaco:	Neón	Español:	Neón
:	Neanas	Suajili:	Neoni	Sueco:	Neon	Tayiko:	Neon
Tailandés:	นีออน	Turco:	Neon	Ucraniano:	Неон	Uzbeko:	Неон
Vietnamita:	Neon, Nê-ông	Galés:	Neon

Véase También

tabla | arriba

Enlaces Externos:
About.com	American Elements
Chemical & Engineering News	Chemical Elements
ChemGlobe	Chemicool
Environmental Chemistry	Eni Generalic
HyperPhysics from Georgia State University's Department of Physics and Astronomy	InfoPlease
Lenntech	Laboratorio Nacional de Los Álamos
Physics Department of the University of Coimbra	Qivx Inc.
Royal Society of Chemistry's Visual Elements	Schenectady County Community College
Thomas Jefferson Lab National Accelerator Facility	WebElements
Wikipedia	X-ray properties: Carlo Segre from Illinois Institute of Technology

Fuentes

tabla | arriba

(1) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; p 4:20.

(2) - Whitten, Kenneth W., Davis, Raymond E., and Peck, M. Larry. General Chemistry 6th ed.; Saunders College Publishing: Orlando, FL, 2000; p 944.

(3) - Asimov, Isaac. The Noble Gases; Basic Books, Inc.: New York City, 1966; pp 86-88.

(4) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; p 4:132.

(5) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; p 4:39-4:96.

(6) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; p 10:147-10:148.

(7) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; p 10:178 - 10:180.

(8) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; p 4:133.

(9) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; pp 6:193, 12:219-220.

(10) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; pp 6:123-6:137.

(11) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; pp 6:107-6:122.

(12) - Dean, John A. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 12th ed.; McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York, NY, 1979; p 9:4-9:94.

(13) - Atomic Mass Data Center. http://amdc.in2p3.fr/web/nubase_en.html (accessed July 14, 2009).

(14) - Silberberg, Martin S. Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change, 4th ed.; McGraw-Hill Higher Education: Boston, MA, 2006, p 965.

(15) - Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 83rd ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 2002; p 14:17.

(16) - Morgan, John W. and Anders, Edward, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 6973-6977 (1980)

(17) - Brownlow, Arthur. Geochemistry; Prentice-Hall, Inc.: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1979, pp 15-16.

Comentarios

tabla | arriba

NEÓN

Tabla Periódica

Metal	No Metal	Semimetal
Alcalino	Metales Alcalinotérreos	Metal de transición	Anfígeno	Halógeno
Gases nobles	Lantánido	Actínido	Tierras Raras	Platino Metal Grupo
Transuránicos	No Isótopos Estables
Sólido	Líquido	Gas	Sólido (Predicción)

¿Quieres añadir un comentario a esta página?

Nombre:	Correo-e:	Localización:

Su comentario deberá ser aprobado antes de que aparezca en la página.